Ethnic conflict and sustainable development in nigeria. So, impact of ethnoreligious crises on socio economic activities in wukari local government area will be xrayed with a view to proffering some recommendations to forestall future occurrence. And these conflicts are reflection of material interest of various gr oups in the society, which in the context of scarce resources, manifest. We have noticed an unusual activity from your ip 18. Most ask for religious and ethnic rights within their state. Mar 15, 2016 ethnic and religious issues form a part of the most recurring phenomena in nigerias body politics.
This article is focused on the historical incidents of ethnic conflicts in within nigeria societies, the cause of the conflicts and perhaps, the government actions towards ethnic conflict in the country. Finally, the article suggested ways of preventing ethnic and religious crises in nigeria that have been retarding integration. This approach argued that in an ethnic fragmented society. While it is generally believed that ethnic identification is presumed to be the most salient and consistent source of social identity in nigeria lewis, 2007, this common assumption is challenged by a research by the pew religious forum which revealed that religion, rather than ethnicity is the most salient identity in the country. Impact of ethnoreligious crises on socioeconomic activities. You can trace causes of ethnic conflict to amalgamation, religious differences, inequality, lack of transparent governance, long military incursion in government and lack of vision or nigerian dream, to mention but a few. Request pdf a diary of ethnoreligious crises in nigeria. Finally, the article suggested ways of preventing ethnic and religious crises in. Causes of ethnoreligious crises in nigeria machava 2008.
A postcolonial critique of religion and ethnicity in southern kaduna with. Since the early 1980s, ethnic and religious crises have become a reoccurring decimal, especially in northern nigeria. Christian indigenes need only point to the discrimination against fellow christians in northern, predominantly muslim states to justify exclusion of the hausafulani in jos. Nigerias large number of ethnic groups, inequalities among them in size, resource endowment. Nigeria, like many african countries, is a multiethnic country with over 250 ethnic groups, where islam and christianity are the two predominant religious beliefs. Abstract the persistent religious conflicts and insecurity in nigeria has given meaningful nigerians a cause for deep concern in recent times. Ethnic and religious identityand consequently ethnic and religious conflictare often intertwined, especially when the majority of one ethnic.
The north and the rest of nigeria on august 8, 2009 5. It may be noted that no one ethnic group shares 100% of its culture and values with other ethnic groups. Ethno religious crisis and nigerian democracy international. This was a major seed of conflict that is still troubling nigeria today. They may share the same language, religion, territory or economical system.
Nigeria is a multi ethnic and culturally diverse society that has witnessed conflicts arising from this ethnic and cultural diversity. Ethnoreligious conflict is a form of conflict supposedly generated on the basis of real or imagined difference rooted in ethnic and religious identities. Ethnoreligious crises are part of issues that are of grave concern in nigeria. Ethnoreligious identity and conflict in northern nigeria. Ethnoreligious conflict in jos, nigeria, intensely dissected the ethnoreligious crisis in jos and proffered workable solutions. Rhethorics and realities of managing ethnoreligious. The issue has permeated the nations political landscape since the colonial period.
Causes, effects and solutions ethnic and religious issues form part of the most recurring. D school of arts and social sciences,national open university of nigeria,lagos. Mar 10, 2014 the roots of nigeria s religious and ethnic conflict. To preclude religious conflict in nigeria therefore, religious leaders and teachers. The roots of nigeria s religious and ethnic conflict. The humanitarian tragedies that have accompanied these ethnoreligious violence have been prohibitive egwu, 20. The paper argues that ethno religious crisis not only undermines. Abstract since the 1914 amalgamation of the northern and southern regions of nigeria by the british colonial government, nigerians have continued to debate the issues of peaceful coexistence among the various ethnic groups on the one hand, and between. Implications for national security ushe mike ushe, ph. The north and the rest of nigeria ethnoreligious crisis. Ethnic conflict is defined as any episode of sustained violent conflict in which national, ethnic, and religious or. Aug 30, 2005 the national question in nigeria is probably one of the most complicated in the world with over 120 languages spoken, three main ethnic groups, none of which constitutes a majority of the population, and the religious divide between christians in the south and muslims in the north. The amalgamation was an act of colonial convenience.
Religious, ethnic crisis rising in nigeria shehu sani. Apparently, the government itself is generating crises directly by failing to appreciate the peoples aspirations. Conflict is a great predicament in any human society, and most times, it is predictable. Ethnic and religious issues are part of the most recurring issues in nigerias body politic. Ethnoreligious conflicts and a nation in crisis punch. Ethnicity, ethnic crisis, and good governance in nigeria. Causes of ethno religious crises in nigeria machava 2008. Abstract the persistent religious conflicts and insecurity in nigeria has given meaningful nigerians.
The national question in nigeria is probably one of the most complicated in the world with over 120 languages spoken, three main ethnic groups, none of which constitutes a majority of the population, and the religious divide between christians in the south and muslims in the north. Ethnoreligious conflicts and national security in nigeria. Bibliography of works related to nigerias indigenesettler and other. The latter constitute nigerias most numerous ethnic group. Download ethno religious conflict in nigeria by basil ugorji to read the full paper in pdf. It is rich but nigerians are poor, many extremely so, its members are from different ethnic, political and religious communities. Yarkasuwa, then in lere district in 1986, during the contest for. Another sacrosanct point is noted by owutu as the cause of religious conflict which akowonjo described as the indigenship and settlers division. So, impact of ethno religious crises on socio economic activities in wukari local government area will be xrayed with a view to proffering some recommendations to forestall future occurrence. Ntroduction nigeria presents a complex of individual as well as a conflation and recursive identities of which the ethnic, religious, regional and sub ethnic communal are the most salient and the main bases for violent conflicts in the country. Ethnoreligious conflicts and democracy in nigeria dr. Contemporary ethnic and religious crises in kaduna state.
There is a consensus by scholars that nigeria provides a one of the best case for study on ethnoreligious crisis because, first the multiethnicity of nigerian nation. Ethnic crisis and religious intoleranceconflicts are identified as factors threatening national integration in nigeria. It is essential to advert that both religious and ethnic causal agents have always acted together in the majority of social conflicts in nigeria. Modern nigeria emerged through the merging of two british colonial territories in 1914. Pdf ethnoreligious crisis in northern nigeria muhammad. Captcha information nigerian top educational information hub. Causes of ethnic conflict in nigeria are many but we will focus on primary ones that government should deal with to stop the menace at once. Often misrepresented as ethnic andor religious conflicts, they are the result of economic, political and environmental tensions in the country. The plural society approach is found relevant in analyzing the issues of ethno religious crisis in nigeria. An ethnic group is a set of people that share common racial and cultural characteristics. Tensions between ethnic groups rooted in the allocation of resources, electoral competition, fears of religious domination, and contested land rights. Introduction since the 1980s, ethnic and religious crises have become a reoccurring decimal in northern nigeria. Ethnic and religious crises in nigeria african journals online.
The challenge of managing nigerias political and ethnic plurality has not been an easy. The analysis will look into the roots and basis of ethnic and religious crises in nigeria, how such crisis had threatened the integration of nigeria as a nation, the relationship between ethnic and religious crises, as well as look into the efforts of government in reintegrating nigeria. The igbo massacre of 1966 in the north that followed the countercoup of the same year had as a dual cause the igbo officers coup and preexisting sectarian tensions between the igbos and the local muslims. By muhammad gambo isgogo hassan adamu makuku umar hamidu aliyu abstract introduction nigeria is no doubt a populous nation of over 88 million 1991 population census but as at now nigerias population is estimated to be above 120 million people of diverse ethnic groups and many religions. Ethnic conflicts in nigeria only the working class can. Professor of biblical studies mission and religion and society babcock university, ilishanremo, ogun state, nigeria email. Religious dogmatism, prejudice and conflict in nigeria ssrn. It occurred mainly because british colonizers desired a contiguous colonial territory stretching from the arid sahel to the atlantic coast, and because northern nigeria, one of the merging units, was not paying its way while southern nigeria, the other. Managing ethnic and cultural diversity for national. This article is focused on the historical incidents of ethnic conflicts in within nigeria societies, the cause of the conflicts and perhaps. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. The effects of religious crisis on economic development in.
Religious conflicts in nigeria world socialist web site. The growing incidence of ethnoreligious crisis in nigeria is sufficiently worrisome to assert that the government that statutorily has responsibility for crisis management is not doing enough. At different levels and times in the past, the nigerian people have complained of religious and ethnic discrimination. Nigeria has faced a perennial crisis of territorial or state legitimacy, which has. This approach was founded in the 17th century by john smith mills and was developed by british economist j. Often misrepresented as ethnic andor religious conflicts, they are the result of economic, political and environmental. Various strategies have been employed by various governments in nigeria to curb ethnic conflicts from degenerating into fullflagged violence such as.
The impact of ethnoreligious conflict on nigerian federalism. A symposium on religious conflict in nigeria may 8, 2007 nigeria is the largest country in the world with an evenly split population of christians. Nigeria is a multiethnic and culturally diverse society that has witnessed conflicts arising from this ethnic and cultural diversity. The plural society approach is found relevant in analyzing the issues of ethnoreligious crisis in nigeria. Shehu sani, senator representing kaduna central says president muhammadu buhari cannot stop herdsmen killings and attacks in benue, taraba and other parts. The use of religious and ethnic appeals as tools of political mobilization will become less attractive and find a diminished reception in a.
A history of identities, violence, and stability in nigeria. Herderfarmer conflicts in nigeria have mainly involved disputes over land resources between herders and farmers across nigeria but more devastating in the middle belt north central since the return of democracy in 1999. The spate of ethno religious conflict in nigeria has however, increased with. Colonial masters play a vital role in the growth of ethno religious conflicts, these colonial masters brought the christianity with them and try to penetrate the western values in the system of nigeria. This paper explores the impact of ethnoreligious conflicts on nigerias federalism and sustainability, with greater emphasis on. Ethnic and religious issues form a part of the most recurring phenomena in nigerias body politics. The roots of nigerias religious and ethnic conflict. There are two dominating religious groups in nigeria including, christianity and muslim religions. Nigeria was forcefully done without the peoples consent. These religious crises are more frequent in the north and they sometimes give birth. Political, ethnoreligious or social conflicts often spring from the pursuance of divergent ideas, aspirations and interests expressed by a group of people or individuals under particular environmental conditions. Download ethnoreligious conflict in nigeria by basil ugorji to read the full paper in pdf. Manifestation, effect and the aw y forardw nwaomah, s. Closely examining the relationship between religion, ethnicity and conflict in.
Ethnoreligious conflict at tusung village in barkin ladi lga, plateau state. Department of business administration, rufus giwa polytechnic, owo, ondo state email. The effects of religious crisis on economic development in nigeria olabimtan oladele e. Religious conflicts in nigeria by barry mason and chris talbot 28 february 2000 violent religious clashes broke out in the city of kaduna in northern nigeria on february 21 and have continued. Ethnicity, religion, ethno religious conflict, integration, good governance. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. The roots of nigerias religious and ethnic conflict the. Over the past few years thousands of people have been killed in ethnic clashes. Religious conflict in nigeria goes as far back as 1953, and in the case of the town of tafawa balewa, to 1948. The use of religious and ethnic appeals as tools of political mobilization will become less attractive and. The issue has permeated the landscape since the colonial period and up till the present time, there seems to be no solution in sight to the accompanying conflicts of ethnic rivalry and religious intolerance. European journal of social sciences volume, number 3 2010 346 manifestations of ethnoreligious conflicts in nigeria by ethnoreligious conflict, it means a situation in which the. In the case of nigeria, the frequency of religious conflicts in the northern part. Nigeria sectarian violence between rural farmer and herder communities is prevalent in more than a dozen states, primarily in the broadly defined middle belt region of the country.
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